Planting

• Plant bare-root trees and shrubs (if the ground is not frozen).
• Plant spring-flowering bulbs (if not done in fall and the ground is still workable).
• Sow seeds indoors for crops that need a long growing season (e.g., onions, early spring flowers).

Maintenance

• Continue to water evergreen plants, especially if the weather is dry.
• Apply a fresh layer of mulch around plants for insulation against cold temperatures.
• Protect sensitive plants from frost by covering them with row covers or blankets.
• Drain and store hoses and turn off outdoor water spigots to prevent freezing.
• Clean and sharpen garden tools before putting them away for winter.
• Check stored tubers, bulbs, and corms (like dahlias and gladiolus) for mold or rot.
• Ensure good air circulation for plants in cold frames or greenhouses.

Harvesting

• Harvest cold-tolerant crops such as kale, collards, and Brussels sprouts.
• Continue to harvest winter herbs that can tolerate the cold.

Planning

• Review seed and plant catalogs for new varieties to try next spring.
• Order seeds and gardening supplies early for the best selection.
• Draw up next year’s garden plan, rotating crops and planning new beds.
• Take soil samples for testing to prepare for spring amendments.